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Overdrive vs. Distortion vs. Compression and Gain vs. Volume

Ideally, a true overdrive pedal (ie Timmy) will only boost the signal of the input.  The boost may result in the input going beyond the maximum capacity of the amp, clipping some of the signal, causing a slight distortion (soft clipping).  As a result, you get a louder semi distorted sound with a lot of the dynamics left intact.  However, because some of the signal is clipped, it creates a sustain effect.

- Some overdrive pedals are not “true” because they inherently clip some of the input sound irrespective of the output.  In other words, even if the input does not go beyond the max capacity of the amp, the sound is still a little distorted.

- Also, as a result, distortion in this case comes as a result of overdrive.

A true distortion pedal will clip a lot of the signal (hard clipping) without influencing the volume of the input signal.  As a result, because much of the signal is clipped, the sustain will be really high. Also, this leads to less dynamics in sound because the hard clipping reduces the range of the sound level.

- Some distortion pedals are not “true” because they inherently boost the input signal a bit to make it sound bolder.

A compression pedal increases the volume of the soft-sounds while cutting the volume of the loud-sounds and thus “compressing” the noise.  However, it will create a “squashed” sound with increased sustain that will also cause a little distortion due to the clipping of the loud noises.

Increasing gain means increasing the input signal going into the amp.  Increasing gain too much will cause clipping (distortion) because the input may go over the input capacity of the amp.  The gain is the pre-amp.

- It is important to note that increasing the gain will increase the noise.  A high gain means a low volume threshold (limit), meaning more varieties of noise (ie white noise) are amplified.  A low gain means a high volume threshold, meaning that a very clean and less-noise signal will be produced.

Increasing the (master) volume on the amp means increasing the resultant input (after the gain).  This will lead to a linear increase with no further distortion because all it is doing is amplifying the resultant signal fed from the pre-amp into the speaker.

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